The summer training camp is an intensive collaborative lab course held once every year. This year this course will take in about 24 students, mostly incoming graduate students from participating PIs’ lab, but also highly motivated undergraduates. The course will run from August 3 to Sep 4, 5 days a week, and >8 hr a day. Final presentation will be held on September 4. By the end of the course, the students not only will know their fellow students very well, they will also learn some of the current neurobiology techniques. In the first week, basic neuroscience techniques, such as perfusion, gross anatomy of the brain, stereotaxic surgery techniques, frozen section, Nissl stain, immunohistochemistry of the brain sections, neuronal culture, and behavior methods will be taught. After this preparatory week, the following weeks will be divided into rotations, in 3-day blocks. There will be 5 rotations. In each station, one or two PI will be in charge. In these stations, there will be labs for calcium and pH imaging of the culture cell, cellular electrophysiology in the brain slice, synaptic transmission of neuromuscular junction, and functional brain imaging with animal PET and human MRI. Hand-on experiments will be emphasized throughout.